Background Age‐related decline in bone mass increases the risk of skeletal fractures,
especially those of the hip, spine, and wrist. Steroidal contraceptives have been associated …

Preservation of fertility and optimizing health before pregnancy is becoming increasingly
important in societies where childbirth often is postponed. Research shows that as women …

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS) is a long-acting, fully reversible
method of contraception. It is one of the most effective forms of contraception available, and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more frequent in women than in men, suggesting that sex
hormones could play a role in the development of MS. For this reason, several studies have …

Objective: Histopathological evaluation of the endometrium in cases having an intrauterine
device (IUD) removed for abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive …

For four decades the oral contraceptive pill has remained popular with young women
because of its convenience and effectiveness. There have, however, been continuing …

In the more than 40 years since the combined oral contraceptive pill was first marketed,
much information has been obtained as to its risks. Considerably less publicity has been …

Four-hundred-twenty-six women, aged 18 to 36, completed a four-cycle comparative,
randomized, single-blind (observer blind), multicenter study of a new graduated estrogen …

Background There are limited data to show the levels of prescribing of combined oral
contraceptives (COCs) and other hormonal products containing estrogen/progestogen …

Side-effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be studied in various ways. The
first and simplest is through case reports: unusual conditions occurring in COC-users may …