The effective relief of pain is of the utmost importance to anyone treating patients undergoing
surgery. Pain relief has significant physiological benefits; hence, monitoring of pain relief is …

Local anesthetic wound infiltration (WI) provides anesthesia for minor surgical procedures
and improves postoperative analgesia as part of multimodal analgesia after general or …

Iatrogenic pain consecutive to a large number of surgical procedures has become a growing
health concern. The etiology and pathophysiology of postoperative pain are still poorly …

A continuous paravertebral block is used when pain relief is required beyond the duration of
a single-injection paravertebral block. Surgical procedures requiring an incision into the …

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical procedure in the elderly and is
associated with severe pain after surgery and a high incidence of chronic pain. Several …

Background Although not completely painless, breast-conserving surgery is considerably
less painful than modified radical mastectomy. Local anesthetics are speculated to reduce …

Purpose Opioid analgesics, the cornerstone of effective postsurgical pain management, may
be associated with risk of opioid-related adverse drug events (ADEs) that may complicate …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have developed a strategy to target the permanently
charged lidocaine derivative lidocaine N‐ethyl bromide (QX‐314) selectively into …

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain represents an important issue in traditional
hemorrhoidectomy. Optimal pain control is mandatory, especially in a surgical day care …

Background Midline laparotomy is associated with severe pain. Epidural analgesia has
been the established standard, but multiple alternative regional anesthesia modalities are …