Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound
hemoproteins that are responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of clinically …

The complexity of tobacco smoke leads to some confusion about the mechanisms by which
it causes lung cancer. Among the multiple components of tobacco smoke, 20 carcinogens …

Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.
Conventional treatments are not effective for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Although some …

The tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) always occur together and exclusively in tobacco …

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product found as a conjugate in watercress and
other cruciferous vegetables, is an inhibitor of the metabolic activation and lung …

LKB1 loss of function is one key oncogenic event in lung cancer. Clinical data suggest that
LKB1 loss of function is associated with patients' smoking status. The responsible …

Abstract N′-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) are tobacco-specific nitrosamines. NNN and NNK can induce cancers of the …

We developed and applied high throughput liquid and gas chromatography–tandem mass
spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS) methods for the cigarette smoking-associated …

Tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers are metabolites or protein or DNA adducts of
specific compounds in tobacco products. Highly reliable analytical methods, based mainly …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are among the likely major causative agents for
lung cancer in smokers. PAH require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects …