Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and
integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a moment-by-moment mapping …

The brain is constantly bombarded by stimuli, and the relative salience of these inputs
determines which are more likely to capture attention. A brain system known as the'salience …

One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more
frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the …

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common clinical condition that has impacts at
both the individual and societal level. Pain intensity is a primary outcome used in clinical …

Disrupted interoception is a prominent feature of the diagnostic classification of several
psychiatric disorders. However, progress in understanding the interoceptive basis of these …

Pain is fundamentally unpleasant, a feature that protects the organism by promoting
motivation and learning. Relief of aversive states, including pain, is rewarding. The …

Evidence suggests that self-efficacy can play an essential role as a protective factor as well
as a mediator in the relationship between pain and disability in people suffering from chronic …

While chronic pain is considered by some to be a CNS disease, little is understood about
underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Addiction models have heuristic value in this …

The amygdala is a limbic brain region that plays a key role in emotional processing,
neuropsychiatric disorders, and the emotional‐affective dimension of pain. Preclinical and …

Pain and substance use are highly prevalent and co-occurring conditions that continue to
garner increasing clinical and empirical interest. Although nicotine and tobacco, alcohol …