Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent condition affecting about 347 million people
worldwide. In addition to its numerous clinical implications, DM also exerts a negative effect …

Narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by loss of hypocretin neurons, has been
associated with metabolic disturbances. Although the metabolic alterations in narcolepsy …

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive
disorder are often accompanied by metabolic dysfunction symptoms, including obesity and …

Background Many genetic and environmental factors are involved in the etiology of nicotine
dependence. Although several candidate gene variations have been reported by candidate …

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) frequently results in sleep and circadian rhythm
disturbances. We have investigated whether dysregulation of circadian rhythm after bTBI is …

The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been …

Narcolepsy (NA) is a primary sleep disorder characterized by loss of hypocretinergic/
orexinergic neurons. NA is associated with an increased risk for metabolic disorders such as …

Background In mammals, desynchronized circadian rhythm leads to various biological
symptoms. In skin and hair, human epidermal stem cell function in vitro is regulated by …

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by very low or
undetectable concentration of hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been recently …

Abstract Objective Orexin/hypocretin (Ox) and its receptors (OxR), a neuroendocrine system
centrally regulating sleep/wakefulness, were implicated in the regulation of peripheral …