High altitude flight in rarefied, extremely cold and hypoxic air is a very challenging activity.
Only a few species of birds can achieve it. Hitherto, the structure of the lungs of such birds …

Simple Summary Ostrich is increasingly becoming an important livestock due to its high-
quality products, especially its healthy meat. We studied the morphology of the ostrich lung …

The avian respiratory system is structurally exceptionally complex and functionally
remarkably efficient. It comprises a lung that serves as the gas exchanger and air sacs that …

The avian respiratory system is fully described from the larynx to the pneumatization of
various proximate bones of the body by the different air sacs. To prominence its …

With its vast epithelial and endothelial surface area and the extremely thin tissue barrier
between the air and blood compartments, the lung is an extraordinary organ where structure …

The common relationships among a great variety of biological phenomena seem enigmatic
when considered solely at the level of the phenotype. The deep connections in physiology …

While integrating published works, this book captures four decades of own investigations on
the functional design of the avian respiratory system. It has been written for a broad …

Comprehensive systematic account of the development of the avian respiratory system,
specifically that of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, is presented. Factors …

The gas exchange function of the avian respiratory system is explained. The following
important structural—and functional aspects are presented: the mechanisms of airflow …

The function of the lung is closely coupled to its structural anatomy, which varies greatly
across vertebrates. As it develops, the avian lung transforms from an initially terminally …