Abstract β‐Adrenergic blockers or β‐blockers have been used therapeutically to treat human
hypertension since the late 1960s. The global market value and prescription rates of β …

In the 1950s, Arthur C. Guyton removed the heart from its pedestal in cardiovascular
physiology by arguing that cardiac output is primarily regulated by the peripheral …

CORRESPONDENCE the field. However, relevant thermal limitation studied in the
laboratory should mimic (be 'calibrated'by) field observations. The physiological status of …

Acute exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) places conflicting demands on the heart. Whilst an
increase in heart rate (tachycardia) may compensate systemic oxygen delivery as arterial …

Seasonal water temperatures can be stressful for fish in aquaculture and can therefore
negatively influence their welfare. Although the kidney is the crucial organ associated with …

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an economically important marine fish cultured in China.
In this study, fish in the experimental group were exposed to four temperatures: 15, 20, 25 …

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of sub-lethal doses of
Cypermethrin (CYP) on the survival and morphological and biochemical aspects of rohu …

Fishes exert stress response in a various ways depending on the type of the stressor. The
stress responses are activated through a cascade mechanism stimulated by the stressor …

We evaluated the physiological and humoral immune responses of Eurasian perch
submitted to 4-h hypoxia in either single or repeated way. Two generations (F1 and F5) were …

Among the numerous chemicals discharged into aquatic ecosystems, nonylphenol (NP) and
octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have a potent effect on the endocrine system of fish; …