abstract The signs and symptoms of chronic urticaria (CU) are caused by the activation and
degranulation of skin mast cells (MCs). Recent studies have added to our understanding of …

Autoimmunity is the break of tolerance to self‐antigens that leads to organ‐specific or
systemic diseases often characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoreactive …

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating inflammatory disorder of the skin,
characterized by a fluctuating natural history, a complex mechanism of action, and a …

Given the self-evident importance of cutaneous immunity in the maintenance of body-
surface homeostasis, disturbance of the steady-state skin is inextricably intertwined with …

Background Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) have spontaneous wheals
(W), angioedema (AE), or both, for longer than 6 weeks. Clinical differences between …

Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a relatively common skin disease
associated with hives and angio-oedema. Eosinophils play a role in CSU pathogenesis …

Introduction Chronic urticaria (CU), including chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and
chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), is a prevalent, enduring, mast-cell driven condition that …

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the implications of interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the
pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to assess the differences that …

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an inflammatory skin disorder that manifests with
itchy wheals, angioedema, or both for> 6 weeks. Mast cells (MCs) and basophils are the key …

Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is one of the most intractable human-
specific skin diseases. However, as no experimental animal model exists, the mechanism …