In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

In recent decades, many new and exciting findings have paved the way to the better
understanding of plant responses in various environmental changes. Some major areas are …

Abiotic stresses (such as metals/metalloids, salinity, ozone, UV-B radiation, extreme
temperatures, and drought) are among the most challenging threats to agricultural system …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

The present review discusses the impact of heavy metals on the growth of plants at different
concentrations, paying particular attention to the hormesis effect. Within the past decade …

In recent years salicylic acid (SA) has been the focus of intensive research due to its function
as an endogenous signal mediating local and systemic plant defence responses against …

The contamination of the environment with toxic metals has become a worldwide problem.
Metal toxicity affects crop yields, soil biomass and fertility. Soils polluted with heavy metals …

Plants experience oxidative stress upon exposure to heavy metals that leads to cellular
damage. In addition, plants accumulate metal ions that disturb cellular ionic homeostasis. To …

During the history of life on Earth, tectonic and climatic change repeatedly generated large
territories that were virtually devoid of life and exhibited harsh environmental conditions. The …

Sulfur is required for growth of all organisms and is present in a wide variety of metabolites
having distinctive biological functions. Sulfur is cycled in ecosystems in nature where …