Main conclusion This review highlights the most recent updated information available about
Zn phytotoxicity at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, uptake mechanisms as …

Salinized land is slowly spreading across the world. Reduced crop yields and quality due to
salt stress threaten the ability to feed a growing population. We discussed the mechanisms …

In the era of climate change, salt stress is a promising threat to agriculture, limiting crop
production via imposing primary effects such as osmotic and ionic, as well as secondary …

Micronutrients like copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) are essential for
plants, and their functions are tightly linked for vital metabolism. The normal concentration …

Salinity stress is one of the most destructive non-biological stresses in plants that has
adversely affected many agricultural lands in the world. Salinity stress causes many …

Rice is the leading staple food for more than half of the world's population, and
approximately 160 million hectares of agricultural area worldwide are under rice cultivation …

Abiotic stresses arising from climate change negates crop growth and yield, leading to food
insecurity. Drought causes oxidative stress on plants, arising from excessive production of …

Heavy metals (HMs) exists in the environment in both forms as essential and non-essential.
These HM ions enter in soil biota from various sources like natural and anthropogenic …

Billions of people and many soils across the planet suffer from micronutrient (MN)
deficiencies impairing human health. In general, fertilization of deficient soils, according to …

Iron is essential for the survival and proliferation of all plants. Higher plants have developed
two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the …