This is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for
Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant …

Abstract The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide
evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The …

Zinc is required for multiple metabolic processes as a structural, regulatory, or catalytic ion.
Cellular, tissue, and whole-body zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled to sustain metabolic …

Background The accurate estimation of iron deficiency is important in planning and
implementing interventions. Ferritin is recommended as the primary measure of iron status …

Biochemical assessment of iron status relies on serum-based indicators, such as serum
ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), as well as …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural
derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a …

Background & aims This position paper summarizes theoretical and practical aspects of the
monitoring of artificial nutrition and metabolism in critically ill patients, thereby completing …

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programs targeted at children aged 6–59 months are
implemented in many countries. By improving immune function, vitamin A (VA) reduces …

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, is
associated with maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm …

ABSTRACT Background The Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional
Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project is a multiagency and multicountry collaboration …