Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing genes and treating disease has been a dream
since ranking as a top Breakthrough of the Year in 2002 by Science. With the recent FDA …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. ATP binding
cassette (ABC) transporters on the MDR cell membrane can transport a wide range of …

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an oncological myeloproliferative disorder that accounts
for 15 to 20% of all adult leukemia cases. The molecular basis of this disease lies in the …

Because of the complexity of cancer ecosystems, the efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy
is limited. Herein, we report the use of cationic nanoparticles (designated PPCNs) generated …

Intracellular delivery crossing the endomembrane barrier is the “last mile to target” for nano
delivery systems carrying biomacromolecules, including genetic medicines. Nevertheless, a …

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds great potential to treat many difficult-to-treat diseases,
but its delivery remains the central challenge. This study aimed at investigating the suitability …

Pancreatic cancer is the most common lethal tumor in America. This lethality is related to
limited treatment options. Conventional treatments involve the non-specific use of …

Introduction p53R2 is a p53-inducible protein that, as one of the subunits of ribonucleotide
reductase, plays an important role in providing dNTPs for DNA repair. Although p53R2 is …

Ocular diseases pose a significant challenge due to the unique structure and function of the
eye. Traditional drug delivery methods often struggle to achieve high efficacy while …

Our understanding of HIV infection has greatly advanced since the discovery of the virus in
1983. Treatment options have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS …