Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

Cancer immunotherapy aims to promote the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within
a tumour, assist the priming of tumour-specific CTLs in lymphoid organs and establish …

Tumour-promoting inflammation is considered one of the enabling characteristics of cancer
development. Chronic inflammatory disease increases the risk of some cancers, and strong …

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily.
Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and …

The clinical benefit of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been established. Whereas
regression of lesions was shown for premalignant lesions caused by HPV, clinical benefit in …

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape in medical oncology, but
its efficacy has been variable across patients. Biomarkers to predict such differential …

Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments can restrain antitumor immunity, particularly
in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Because CD40 activation can reverse immune …

During the generation of a successful adaptive immune response, multiple molecular
signals are required. A primary signal is the binding of cognate antigen to an antigen …

Purpose: This phase I study investigated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety,
pharmacodynamics, immunologic correlatives, and antitumor activity of CP-870,893, an …