Hyperphosphatemia or even serum phosphate levels within the “normal laboratory range”
are highly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and mortality in the general …

Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney
disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate …

Background Hyperphosphatemia is associated with increased fibroblast growth factor 23
(FGF23), arterial calcification, and cardiovascular mortality. Effects of phosphate-lowering …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a very high morbimortality, mainly from
cardiovascular origin, and CKD is currently considered in the high-or very high risk …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a greatly enhanced risk of cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade it has come clear that a disturbed calcium …

Uremic vascular calcification (VC) commonly occurs during advanced chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Uremic …

Early research has suggested a rather straightforward relation between phosphate
exposure, increased serum FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) concentrations and clinical …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex disorder that refers to the category of acute or
chronic kidney diseases that induce cardiovascular disease, and inversely, acute or chronic …

The increased cardiovascular risk of chronic kidney disease may in part be the
consequence of arterial stiffness, a typical feature of kidney failure. Deranged homeostasis …

Fibroblast growth factor can be measured in clinical practice using ELISA, with acceptable
validity. Different from many metabolites and minerals, its value can differ by a thousand-fold …