The innate immune system in the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly represented by
specialized tissue‐resident macrophages, called microglia. In the past years, various …

Chronic pain has increasingly become a significant health challenge, not just as a
symptomatic manifestation but also as a pathological condition with profound …

Abstract Purpose The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) concept was the basis for
developing a smartphone application for the on‐time report of awake bruxism (AB) activities …

Empathy is essential for the survival of social species. In many studies, especially those with
animal models, empathy for pain was evaluated by the modulation of pain sensitivity …

Exposure in vivo is a theory-driven and widely used treatment to tackle functional disability
in people with chronic primary pain. Exposure is quite effective; yet, in line with exposure …

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by dysfunctional processing of
nociceptive stimulation. Neuroimaging studies have pointed out that pain-related network …

Cattle are subjected to routine procedures that require restraint and close contact to
humans, which are both potentially aversive to the animal. Positive reinforcement training …

Objectives: Body illusions have shown promise in treating some chronic pain conditions. We
hypothesized that neck exercises performed in virtual reality (VR) with visual feedback of …

Nocebo hyperalgesia is a pervasive problem that significantly adds to the burden of pain.
Conditioning is a key mechanism of nocebo hyperalgesia and recent evidence indicates …

Breathlessness and pain frequently co-occur in chronic conditions, and their unpredictability
is often reported to amplify perception and negative affect (NA), however any common …