A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural
consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and …

The hyperbolic form of the power-duration relationship is rigorous and highly conserved
across species, forms of exercise and individual muscles/muscle groups. For modalities …

Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), those with the lowest
maximal inspiratory pressures experience greater breathing discomfort (dyspnea) during …

During dynamic exercise, mechanisms controlling the cardiovascular apparatus operate to
provide adequate oxygen to fulfill metabolic demand of exercising muscles and to guarantee …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a
diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia …

We review the substantial recent progress made in understanding the underlying
mechanisms controlling breathing and the applicability of these findings to selected human …

Appropriate cardiovascular adjustment is necessary to meet the metabolic demands of
working skeletal muscle during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial …

In the last American Thoracic Society (ATS) statement, dyspnea was defined as “a subjective
experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary …