Social behaviors, such as mating, fighting, and parenting, are fundamental for survival of any
vertebrate species. All members of a species express social behaviors in a stereotypical and …

Odor signals received by odorant receptors (ORs) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons
(OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) are represented as an odor map in the olfactory bulb …

The central processing pathways of the human olfactory system are not fully understood.
The olfactory bulb projects directly to a number of cortical brain structures, but the distinct …

In most sensory modalities, neuronal connectivity reflects behaviorally relevant stimulus
features, such as spatial location, orientation, and sound frequency. By contrast, the …

Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are
accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory …

Generation of neuronal diversity is a biological strategy widely used in the brain to process
complex information. The olfactory bulb is the first relay station of olfactory information in the …

Sensory information may be represented in the brain by stereotyped mapping of axonal
inputs or by patterning that varies between individuals. In olfaction, a stereotyped map is …

In mammals, odor information detected by olfactory sensory neurons is converted to a
topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Mitral cells and tufted cells …

Sensory perception is not a simple feed-forward process, and higher brain areas can
actively modulate information processing in" lower" areas. We used optogenetic methods to …

The affective state is the combination of emotion and mood, with mood reflecting a running
average of sequential emotional events together with an underlying internal affective state …