Biomass can be classified broadly as all the matter on the earth's surface of recent biological
origin. 1 Biomass includes plant materials such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops, algal …

Microbial citric acid is an important organic acid widely used in pharmaceutical food,
beverage, detergents, and cosmetics industries. Although citric acid is produced by different …

Petroleum is the main energy source utilized in the world, but its availability is limited and
the search for new renewable energy sources is of major interest. Biofuels, such as ethanol …

In the present study, spent medium bioleaching method was performed using organic acids
produced by Aspergillus niger to dissolve Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Cu and Al from spent lithium-ion …

Citric acid has high economic potential owing to its numerous applications. It is mostly
produced by microbial fermentation using Aspergillus niger. In view of surges in demand …

Non-conventional yeasts have attracted increasing interest due to their biochemical
characteristics and potential applications. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast …

This work provides a review about the biotechnological production of citric acid starting from
the physicochemical properties and industrial applications, mainly in the food and …

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi have had important roles in natural cycles, and are already
used industrially for eg supplying of citric, gluconic and itaconic acids as well as many …

Organic acids, which are chemically synthesized, are also natural intermediates in the
metabolic pathways of microorganisms, among which the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is …

The genus Gracilaria is an important marine bio-resource since some members are a source
of about 80% of the global production of agar. Moreover, species of Gracilaria are used in …