Due to the rapid development of a diverse array of nanoparticles, used in a wide variety of
products, there are now many international activities to assess the potential toxicity of these …

Background: Lung macrophages, that is, the intravascular, interstitial, pleural, and surface
macrophages, are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They are derived from the …

Silicosis is the most prevalent and fatal occupational disease with no effective therapeutics,
and currently used drugs cannot reverse the disease progress. Worse still, there are still …

Nanomaterials are increasingly used in various food applications. In particular,
nanoparticulate amorphous SiO2 is already contained, eg, in spices. Since intestinal …

The inflammatory responses after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are known,
however, the molecular mechanisms and direct consequences of particle uptake are still …

Inhalation of (nano) particles may lead to pulmonary inflammation. However, the precise
mechanisms of particle uptake and generation of inflammatory mediators by alveolar …

Macrophage recognition and ingestion of apoptotic cell corpses, a process referred to as
programmed cell clearance, is of considerable importance for the maintenance of tissue …

Silica or silicon dioxides (SiO2) are naturally occurring substances that comprise the vast
majority of the earth's crust. Because of their prevalence and commercial applications, they …

In the initiation and progression of pulmonary inflammation, macrophages have classically
been considered as a crucial cell type. However, evidence for the role of epithelial type II …

Biopersistent pro-inflammatory fibers are suspected human carcinogens. Cytotoxicity and
transcription of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators of different fibers were investigated in …