Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare voice disorder caused by involuntary and intermittent
spasms of the laryngeal muscles. Both diagnosis and treatment have been controversial …

Laryngeal dystonia (LD), known or termed as spasmodic dysphonia, is a rare movement
disorder with an unknown cause affecting the intrinsic laryngeal muscles …

Abstract Introduction In 2021, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurology published a new
guideline on diagnosis and therapy of motor neuron disorders. Motor neuron disorders affect …

Background and Objectives Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is isolated task-specific focal dystonia
selectively impairing speech production. The first choice of LD treatment is botulinum …

Laryngeal dystonia (LD), or spasmodic dysphonia (SD), is a chronic, task-specific, focal
movement disorder affecting the larynx. It interferes primarily with the essential functions of …

Objective Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is a first‐line treatment for spasmodic dysphonia
(SD). However, a detailed chronological course and clinical factors that affect the therapeutic …

Importance The gold-standard treatment for laryngeal dystonia (LD) and essential tremor of
the vocal tract (ETVT) is botulinum toxin (BoNT) chemodenervation. Although safe and …

Abstract The Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics created a task
force to establish clinical practice guidelines for the use of botulinum toxin (BT) in …

Purpose: Communication atypicalities are considered promising markers of a broad range of
clinical conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms and confounders …

Purpose: This clinical focus article aims to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs)
working in cleft palate and craniofacial clinics with a review of the etiologies of pediatric …