Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex multifactorial clinical syndrome with extremely high
mortality, developing as a continuum, and progressing from the initial insult (underlying …

Background The time course of blood lactate levels could be helpful to assess a patient's
response to therapy. Although the focus of published studies has been largely on septic …

Lactate levels are commonly evaluated in acutely ill patients. Although most often used in
the context of evaluating shock, lactate levels can be elevated for many reasons. While …

Sepsis represents the host's systemic inflammatory response to a severe infection. It causes
substantial human morbidity resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths each year …

Sepsis is the most common cause of death in medical intensive care units (ICU). If sepsis
progresses to refractory septic shock, mortality may reach 90–100% despite optimum current …

The majority of bacteremias do not develop to sepsis: bacteria are cleared from the
bloodstream. Oxygen released from erythrocytes and humoral immunity kill bacteria in the …

Background Sepsis is a global health challenge associated with significant morbidity and
mortality. Detrimental sepsis effects are attributed to excessive inflammation or a “cytokine …

Serum lactate levels are traditionally interpreted as a marker of tissue hypoxia and often
used clinically as an indicator of severity and outcome of sepsis/septic shock. Interestingly …

Background Sepsis remains a common and serious condition with significant morbidity and
mortality due to multiple organ dysfunction, especially acute lung injury (ALI) and acute …

Sepsis is a life-threatening immune response which is caused by a wide variety of sources
and is a leading cause of mortality globally. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic …