Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. The success of medication
and other preventive measures introduced in the last century have not yet halted the …

We hypothesized that ultrafiltrate crossing the luminal endothelial glycocalyx through
infrequent discontinuities (gaps) in the tight junction (TJ) strand of endothelial clefts reduces …

Removal of plasma proteins from perfusates increases vascular permeability. The common
interpretation of the action of albumin is that it forms part of the permeability barrier by …

Exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator in blood, attenuates acute
microvascular permeability increases via receptor S1P1 to stabilize the endothelium. To …

This chapter provides an overview of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology,
anesthetic agents, and cardiovascular patient evaluation, monitoring, and support during …

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of pneumoperitoneum created with warmed humidified CO
2 (WHCO 2) during laparoscopy on core body temperature, cardiorespiratory and …

A 3-day-old Swiss Warmblood colt was diagnosed with uroabdomen after urinary bladder
rupture. The foal had classical electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypochloremia and …

Background Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) provides information on
hepatic elastic modulus as shear wave velocity (SWV). Hypothesis/Objectives To assess …

The understanding of normal cardiovascular physiology is imperative in order to provide
anaesthesia that is safe and effective. This chapter will describe blood flow and conduction …

Lidocaine is a versatile drug that not only provides local anesthesia, but also reduces
anesthetic requirements of other agents and has antiarrhythmic, pro-kinetic, anti …