Single agent checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been effective for most gastrointestinal
solid tumors, but combination therapy with drugs targeting additional immunosuppressive …

Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These
receptors are intimately involved in cell movement, and thus play a critical role in several …

CXCL12 is a CXC chemokine that traditionally has been classified as a homeostatic
chemokine. It contributes to physiological processes such as embryogenesis, hematopoiesis …

Objective Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is
radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are common and debilitating manifestations of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is characterized by a radical imbalance in the …

Abstract AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 antagonist, has opened a variety of avenues for
potential therapeutic approaches in different refractory diseases. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis …

The traffic of the different types of immune cells is an important aspect in the immune
response. Chemokines are soluble peptides that are able to attract cells by interaction with …

Background Metastasis, the spread and growth of tumor cells to distant organ sites,
represents the most devastating attribute and plays a major role in the morbidity and …

SDF-1 is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues in a constitutive manner. It performs an
essential role in cell migration and proliferation as well as participates in tissue-specific …

Objective Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation
influences a variety of autoimmune disease processes, including Crohn's disease (CD), but …