Separators with high porosity, mechanical robustness, high ion conductivity, thin structure,
excellent thermal stability, high electrolyte uptake and high retention capacity is today's …

The pathway that generates the dorsal–ventral (DV) axis of the Drosophila embryo has been
the subject of intense investigation over the previous three decades. The initial asymmetric …

Abstract Background Calpains are Ca 2+-dependent cysteine proteases that participate in a
range of crucial cellular processes. Dysfunction of these enzymes may cause, for instance …

The morphogen gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal in the early Drosophila embryo
has become one of the most widely studied tissue patterning systems. Dorsal is a …

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of many biological processes such as
innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation and programmed …

Embryonic development repeatedly deploys a finite number of signaling pathways to control
a multitude of processes such as patterning, growth and differentiation. Diversity in gene …

Calcium-dependent cysteine proteases of the calpain family are modulatory proteases that
cleave their substrates in a limited manner. Among their substrates, calpains target …

Myoblast fusion is a key step during skeletal muscle differentiation as it enables the
formation of contractile fibers. Calpains have been implicated in some aspects of …

The evolutionarily conserved Toll signaling pathway controls innate immunity across phyla
and embryonic patterning in insects. In the Drosophila embryo, Toll is required to establish …

Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on the NFκB superfamily
transcription factor Dorsal (Dl). Toll receptor activation signals for degradation of the IκB …