In cancer, T cells become dysfunctional owing to persistent antigen exposure. Dysfunctional
T cells are characterized by reduced proliferative capacity, decreased effector function, and …

Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and of meningeal lymphatic vessels have
generated a lot of excitement, along with some degree of skepticism. Here, we summarize …

The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue,
which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in …

Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy emphasizes the importance of understanding
immune-regulatory pathways in tumours. Dysfunction of antitumour T cells may be due to …

The lymphatic system serves an integral role in fluid homeostasis, lipid metabolism and
immune control. In cancer, the lymph nodes that drain solid tumours are a primary site of …

The recent discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (LVs) has raised interest in their
possible involvement in neuropathological processes, yet little is known about their …

Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most
relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical …

Immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) has been ascribed to the presence of
a blood–brain barrier and the lack of lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma …

Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells are regarded as the classical antigen-presenting
cells of the immune system. However, in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the …

The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the
lymphatic system. In contrast to the blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms a …