Objective To provide a narrative review of the latest concepts and understanding of the
pathophysiology of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI). Participants A …

Sepsis is a highly lethal syndrome resulting from dysregulated immune and metabolic
responses to infection, thereby compromising host homeostasis. Activation of the …

The classical model of the vital increase in systemic glucocorticoid availability in response to
sepsis-and hyperinflammation-induced critical illness is one of an activated hypothalamus …

Critical illnesses are hallmarked by increased systemic cortisol availability, a vital part of the
stress response. Acute stress may trigger a life-threatening adrenal crisis when a disease of …

Sepsis is a potentially lethal syndrome resulting from a maladaptive response to infection.
Upon infection, glucocorticoids are produced as a part of the compensatory response to …

The endothelium plays a crucial role in inflammation. A balanced control of inflammation
requires the action of glucocorticoids (GCs), steroidal hormones with potent cell-specific anti …

Because of its high incidence and clinical complexity, sepsis is a major challenge to
clinicians and researchers and a global burden to healthcare systems and society. Despite …

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host
response to infection”. One of the elements of dysregulated host response is an endocrine …

Frailty is a syndrome characterized by decreased reserves across multiple physiologic
systems resulting in functional limitations and vulnerability to new stressors. Physical frailty …

Prolonged, low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) have shown the highest efficacy among
pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for COVID-19. Despite the World …