Preservation of the integrity of macromolecular higher-order structure is a tenet central to
achieving biologic drug and vaccine product stability toward manufacturing, distribution …

Liquid formulations of vaccines are subject to instabilities that result from degradation
processes that proceed via a variety of physical and chemical pathways. In dried …

Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising outcomes in transdermal
drug delivery. NPs can not only enhance the skin penetration of small/biomacromolecule …

Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that
deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of …

Introduction During past years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising
carriers for RNA delivery, with several clinical trials focusing on both infectious diseases and …

Pandemics and epidemics are continually challenging human beings' health and imposing
major stresses on the societies particularly over the last few decades, when their frequency …

The last big outbreaks of Ebola fever in Africa, the thousands of avian influenza outbreaks
across Europe, Asia, North America and Africa, the emergence of monkeypox virus in …

Nanomaterials offer unique opportunities to engineer immunomodulatory activity. In this
work, we report the Toll-like receptor agonist activity of a nanoscale adjuvant zeolitic …

Protein therapeutics carry inherent limitations of membrane impermeability and structural
instability, despite their predominant role in the modern pharmaceutical market. Effective …

Vaccines are considered one of the most significant medical advancements in human
history, as they have prevented hundreds of millions of deaths since their discovery; …