Aim To perform a systematic review to describe the available findings on clinical outcomes
in HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 co-infected individuals since 1995. Design This Systematic …

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) belong to the delta group of retroviruses
which may cause a life-long infection in humans, HTLV-1 leading to adult T-cell …

Immunoblots remain the gold standard for HIV-1/HIV-2 infection confirmation. However, their
ability to differentiate HIV-1 from HIV-2 infection on an antigenically diversified HIV-1 and …

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a group of retroviruses belonging to the oncovirus
family, has long been associated with various inflammatory and immunosuppressive …

Abstract HIV type 2 (HIV-2) is a neglected virus despite estimates of 1–2 million people
infected worldwide. HIV-2 is less efficiently transmitted than HIV-1 by sex and from mother to …

Background Co-infection with the avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and the
reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) increases mutual viral replication, causing a more serious …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was unknown until the early 1980's when
increasing numbers of cases of unusual opportunistic infections and Kaposi sarcoma in …

The human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are causative agents of severe diseases
including adult T-cell leukemia. Similar to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), the viral …

The origin and intrafamilial transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) in
non-endemic populations such as China is still unknown. In this study, donors from blood …

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the human T-lymphothropic viruses (HTLVs) are
members of the deltaretrovirus genus of Retroviridae family. An essential event of the …