Metabolic engineering aims to improve the production of economically valuable molecules
through the genetic manipulation of microbial metabolism. While the discipline is a little over …

Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have
depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the …

The use of synthetic fungicides to control fungal diseases has growing limitations due to eco-
toxicological risks. Therefore, it is necessary to replace or integrate high risk chemicals with …

The application of microbial strains as axenic cultures has frequently been employed in a
diverse range of sectors. In the natural environment, microbes exist as multispecies and …

Worldwide demand for antibiotics and pharmaceutical products is continuously increasing
for the control of disease and improvement of human health. Poor management and partial …

Food safety is a global health and socioeconomic concern since many people still suffer
from various acute and life-long diseases, which are caused by consumption of unsafe food …

Increasingly complex synthetic environmental pollutants are prompting further research into
bioremediation, which is one of the most economical and safest means of environmental …

Fungi and bacteria coexist in a wide variety of natural and artificial environments which can
lead to their association and interaction–ranging from antagonism to cooperation–that can …

In the first wave of synthetic biology, genetic elements, combined into simple circuits, are
used to control individual cellular functions. In the second wave of synthetic biology, the …

Nutritional codependence (syntrophy) has underexplored potential to improve
biotechnological processes by using cooperating cell types. So far, design of yeast …