Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting CTLA4 or PD-1/PD-L1 have transformed cancer
therapy but are associated with immune-related adverse events, including myocarditis …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28 …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

FOXP3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells, which suppress aberrant immune response
against self-antigens, also suppress anti-tumor immune response. Infiltration of a large …

Molecular, cellular, and clinical studies of human inborn errors of immunity have
revolutionized our understanding of their pathogenesis, considerably broadened their …

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes comprise a
diverse group of clinical entities involving functional impairment of multiple endocrine glands …

Summary Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells promote immunological tumor tolerance, but how
their immune-suppressive function is regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β
cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced …

T regulatory cells suppress a variety of immune responses to self-antigens and play a role in
peripheral tolerance maintenance by limiting autoimmune disorders, and other pathological …

Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell
receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we discuss the expression, structure …