The focus on managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is shifting towards prevention through
lifestyle modification instead of treatments since the currently available treatment options are …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains contain neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of
abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Regional reductions in cerebral glucose …

Hyperphosphorylated tau is the major component of paired helical filaments in
neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, and tau …

Degenerating neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patient brains exhibit granules of
phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) that localize to …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) is an essential negative
regulator of MAPKs by dephosphorylating MAPKs at both tyrosine and threonine residues …

Mitochondria play a large role in neuronal function by constantly providing energy,
particularly at synapses. Recent studies suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated …

Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline is a key
signalling mechanism in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Pin1 (peptidyl …

The extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) are essential for normal
development and functional plasticity of the central nervous system. However, a growing …

Tau is a neuronal microtubule‐associated protein. Its hyperphosphorylation plays a critical
role in Alzheimer disease (AD). Expression and phosphorylation of tau are regulated …

The c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is regulated by JNK‐interacting
protein‐1 (JIP1), which is a scaffolding protein assembling the components of the JNK …