The 18 glycosyl hydrolase family of chitinases is an ancient gene family that is widely
expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In mammals, despite the absence of endogenous …

Asthma is estimated to affect 15 million people in the United States. After declining in the
1970s, its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality have increased since the 1980s. It now affects …

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4+
Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10 …

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key mediator of tissue fibrosis caused by T helper cell type 2
inflammation. We hypothesized that the fibrogenic effects of IL-13 are mediated by …

Cigarette smoke exposure is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). However, only a minority of smokers develop significant COPD, and patients with …

Background: In atopic dermatitis (AD) there is evidence of tissue fibrosis involving a number
of structural changes, including papillary dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia. These …

Adenosine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as
asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In vitro studies suggest that activation of …

Airway inflammation is a central feature of asthma (1–3). The development, progression
and/or resolution of airway inflammation in asthma appears critical to the presence and …

IL-13 stimulates inflammatory and remodeling responses and contributes to the
pathogenesis of human airways disorders. To further understand the cellular and molecular …

IL-13 is an important mediator of inflammation and remodeling. We hypothesized that
adenosine accumulation, alterations in adenosine receptors, and adenosine–IL-13 …