Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

About 8% of our genome is composed of sequences with viral origin, namely human
Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are relics of ancient infections that affected the …

Almost half of the human genome is made up of transposable elements (TEs), and about 8%
consists of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs are remnants of ancient exogenous …

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic targets in cancer.
As remnants of ancient retroviral infections, ERV-derived regulatory elements coordinate …

Repetitive DNA sequences playing critical roles in driving evolution, inducing variation, and
regulating gene expression. In this review, we summarized the definition, arrangement, and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles due to
their native ability to deliver bioactive cargo to recipient cells. However, the application of …

Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile DNA elements that can replicate and insert
themselves into different locations within the host genome. Their propensity to self …

Several lines of evidence suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS), like other autoimmune
diseases, may be triggered by microbial infections. Pathogens associated with development …

The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have
deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These …

Roles for viral infections and aberrant immune responses in driving localized
neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) are the focus of …