Real-time RT-PCR is considered the gold standard confirmatory test for coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). However, many scientists disagree, and it is essential to understand that …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, are commonly allied with
hypertension, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system pathway, and other cardiovascular …

The human oral and gut commensal microbes play vital roles in the development and
maintenance of immune homeostasis, while its association with susceptibility and severity of …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease, and the reason behind the
currently ongoing pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

To date, there is no severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-(SARS-CoV-2)-
specific prognostic biomarker available. We assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold …

There are several reasons to consider the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 and other
emerging viral infections. First, severe cases of COVID-19 show a common breakdown of …

Long COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness.
The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020 …

Recently, a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), has raised global concerns, being the etiological agent of the current …

Background Dozens of studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients
during the acute and recovery phases. However, a consensus on the specific COVID-19 …

Probiotic bacteria are able to modulate general antiviral responsiveness, including barrier
functionality and innate and adaptive immune responses. The COVID-19 pandemic …