In addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, cells of the myeloid lineage such as macrophages,
dendritic cells (DCs), and osteoclasts (OCs) are emerging as important target cells for HIV-1 …

Macrophages are essential for HIV-1 pathogenesis and represent major viral reservoirs.
Therefore, it is critical to understand macrophage infection, especially in tissue …

The cell membrane structure is closely related to the occurrence and progression of many
metabolic bone diseases observed in the clinic and is an important target to the …

Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are essential for skeletal remodelling, and the hyperactive
formation and function of osteoclasts are common in bone metabolic diseases, especially …

Ninein is a centrosome protein that has been implicated in microtubule anchorage and
centrosome cohesion. Mutations in the human NINEIN gene have been linked to Seckel …

The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell
migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These …

Rhes (RASD2) is a thyroid hormone–induced gene that regulates striatal motor activity and
promotes neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD) and tauopathy. Rhes moves and …

Cell fusion (fusogenesis) occurs in natural and pathological conditions in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. Cells of monocyte–macrophage lineage are highly fusogenic. They create …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we critically evaluate the literature for osteoclast
heterogeneity, including heterogeneity in osteoclast behavior, which has hitherto been …

In the past decade, there has been a steady rise in interest in studying novel cellular
extensions and their potential roles in facilitating human diseases, including neurologic …