Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Tobacco smoking is established as a major risk factor, but emerging evidence …

The aim of this study was to quantify the global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) by means of a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis …

Background During the latter half of the 20th century, the prevalence of asthma and many
other allergic diseases has increased. Information on asthma prevalence trends among …

Background Smoking is a known cause of the outcomes COPD, chronic bronchitis (CB) and
emphysema, but no previous systematic review exists. We summarize evidence for various …

The increasingly female face of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence
among women has equalled that of men since 2008, due in part to increased tobacco use …

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of epidemiological data on COPD by disease severity. We
have estimated the prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD by disease severity defined by …

Dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom for cardiorespiratory diseases. No study has assessed
worldwide variation in dyspnoea prevalence or predictors of dyspnoea. We used cross …

Quality of life (QOL) can be severely impaired in patients with COPD. They usually show an
accelerated decline in lung function and progressive impairment of physical performance …

Background: Guidelines and standards for diagnosis and management of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been presented by different national and …

The earliest morphologic evidence of changes in the airways associated with chronic
cigarette smoking is in the small airways. To help understand how smoking modifies small …