The use of antibiotics has enabled the successful treatment of bacterial infections, saving the
lives and improving the health of many patients worldwide. However, the emergence and …

The urogenital tract is a complex environment composed of many different types of epithelial
tissues and innate immune cells that sample the surrounding milieu. As a host-adapted …

Many important interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts are highly specific
binding events that involve host or pathogen carbohydrate structures (glycans). Glycan …

There is a growing awareness of the importance of sex and gender in medicine and
research. Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens …

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria,
viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological …

The complex relationships between infectious organisms and their hosts often reflect the
continuing struggle of the pathogen to proliferate and spread to new hosts, and the need of …

Although renowned as a lethal pathogen, Neisseria meningitidis has adapted to be a
commensal of the human nasopharynx. It shares extensive genetic and antigenic similarities …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant issue associated with the clinical application of
antibiotics. It is also challenging to discover and develop new antibiotics with novel …

Declining birth rates are one of the problems facing society today. Male counterparts are
responsible for about half of the infertility cases, and genitourinary tract infections may play a …

Bacterial infections play a disruptive and hidden role in male reproductive failure. Different
kinds of bacteria are often able to interfere with reproductive function in both sexes and lead …