The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a
significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized …

Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), mainly including anti-programmed
cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T …

BACKGROUND Immunotherapies that target the interaction of programmed death 1 (PD-1)
with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, have ushered in the modern oncology era. The PD-1 …

Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells.
Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have achieved …

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer
treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the …

Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio-and
chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to …

Gut microbiota composition influences the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients
with advanced cancer but mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear …

Immunotherapy has ushered in a new era in cancer treatment, and cancer immunotherapy
continues to be rejuvenated. The clinical goal of cancer immunotherapy is to prime host …