Researchers are increasingly using complex population-based sample surveys to estimate
the effects of treatments, exposures and interventions. In such analyses, statistical methods …

Observational data are often readily available or less costly to obtain than conducting a
randomized controlled trial. With observational data, investigators may statistically evaluate …

The propensity score is a common tool for estimating the causal effect of a binary treatment
in observational data. In this setting, matching, subclassification, imputation or inverse …

Background and Purpose: Endovascular therapy for tandem occlusion strokes of the anterior
circulation is an effective and safe treatment. The best treatment approach for the cervical …

Propensity‐score matching allows one to reduce the effects of treatment‐selection bias or
confounding when estimating the effects of treatments when using observational data. Some …

Objectives To assess the current practice of propensity score (PS) analysis in the medical
literature, particularly the assessment and reporting of balance on confounders. Study …

PURPOSE Ibrutinib reduces mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It increases the
risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding and there are concerns about heart failure (HF) …

Background Propensity score (PS) methods are increasingly used, even when sample sizes
are small or treatments are seldom used. However, the relative performance of the two …

Rural enterprises play an important economic role, contributing to national prosperity and
wellbeing but are often a blind spot within rural development and wider economic policies …

Importance Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) are at an increased long-term risk of
death. Effective strategies that improve long-term outcomes in patients with AKI are …