Although chemotherapy can improve the overall survival and prognosis of cancer patients,
chemoresistance remains an obstacle due to the diversity, heterogeneity, and adaptability to …

The disorder of lipid metabolism is pathologically linked to hyperlipidemia, lipid storage
disease, obesity and other related diseases. Intriguingly, recent studies have revealed that …

Chemotherapeutic resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, resulting in
the reduced efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents. Abnormal metabolism …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are prominent components of tumor
microenvironment (TME) and capable of promoting cancer progression. However, the …

Many cancer cells display enhanced glycolysis and suppressed mitochondrial metabolism.
This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is critical for tumor development. However …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immunosuppressive cells that promote tumor growth by
hindering the effector immune response. Tregs utilize multiple suppressive mechanisms to …

Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery covers the fundamental principles, advanced
methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and …

Lactate, traditionally regarded as a metabolic waste product at the terminal of the glycolysis
process, has recently been found to have multifaceted functional roles in metabolism and …

The interaction between mitochondria and gut microbiota plays a critical role in intestinal
physiological homeostasis. In this kind of homeostasis, intestinal epithelial hypoxia helps …

Glioblastoma is among the most aggressive forms of cancers, with a median survival of just
15–20 months for patients despite maximum clinical intervention. The majority of …