Over the past decade there has been an increasing reliance on strong opioids to treat acute
and chronic pain, which has been associated with a rising epidemic of prescription opioid …

Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide found primarily in the C
and Aδ sensory fibers arising from the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, as well as the …

Abstract Purpose of Review Our goal is to examine the processes—both central and
peripheral—that underlie the development of peripherally-induced neuropathic pain (pNP) …

The development of chronic pain is considered a major complication after surgery. Basic
science research in animal models helps us understand the transition from acute to chronic …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Neuropathic pain (NeP) can result from sources as varied as nerve compression,
channelopathies, autoimmune disease, and incision. By identifying the neurobiological …

After nerve injury maladaptive changes can occur in injured sensory neurons and along the
entire nociceptive pathway within the CNS, which may lead to spontaneous pain or pain …

Pain is a subjective sensory experience that can, mostly, be reported but cannot be directly
measured or quantified. Nevertheless, a suite of biomarkers related to mechanisms, neural …

The locus coeruleus (LC) projects throughout the brain and spinal cord and is the major
source of central noradrenaline. It remains unclear whether the LC acts functionally as a …

Although a number of the diabetic neuropathies may result in painful symptomatology, this
review focuses on the most common: chronic sensorimotor distal symmetrical …