Abstract Background Coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause enzootic infections in birds and
mammals but, in the last few decades, have shown to be capable of infecting humans as …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer,
with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently …

Antigenic peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules (peptide–MHC class II) are constitutively
expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including …

The unconventional T cell compartment encompasses a variety of cell subsets that straddle
the line between innate and adaptive immunity, often reside at mucosal surfaces and can …

The complement system consists of a tightly regulated network of proteins that play an
important role in host defense and inflammation. Complement activation results in …

Principles of Virology, the leading virology textbook in use, is an extremely valuable and
highly informative presentation of virology at the interface of modern cell biology and …

All intracellular proteins and many extracellular proteins are continually “turning over;” ie,
they are being hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids and replaced by new synthesis …

Introduction CD8+ T cell responses focus on a small fraction of total pathogen-encoded
peptides, which are similar among individuals with shared major histocompatibility complex …

Following primary infection, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latency
and periodically reactivates without causing symptoms in healthy individuals. In the absence …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) provide potent defences against virus infection and
intracellular pathogens. However, CTLs have a dark side—their lytic machinery can be …