TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

The liver is a central organ in the human body, coordinating several key metabolic roles. The
structure of the liver which consists of the distinctive arrangement of hepatocytes, hepatic …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

Fibrosis, or tissue scarring, develops as a pathological deviation from the physiological
wound healing response and can occur in various organs such as the heart, lung, liver …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, and ultimately fatal, chronic interstitial
lung disease characterized by enhanced extracellular matrix deposition. Repetitive alveolar …

Characterization of the cardiac cellulome, the network of cells that form the heart, is essential
for understanding cardiac development and normal organ function and for formulating …

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys during aging
and in chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of cause. CKD and renal fibrosis affect half …

Biomaterial‐mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing
materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many biomaterial …

The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature
would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As …

In addition to their many functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes
respond to CNS damage and disease through a process called astrogliosis. For many …