Vitamin D supplementation can prevent and cure nutritional rickets in infants and children.
Preclinical and observational data suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system has a wide …

Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent
among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

Importance Vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for the prevention of
fracture, but previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have reported conflicting results, with …

Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a
cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis …

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and
an increased risk of fracture, termed osteoporotic fracture. Notably, bone mineral density …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis is an important tool to elucidate the causal
relevance of environmental and biological risk factors for disease. However, causal …

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting~ 200 million people around the world.
As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (eg calcium …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that causes impairment of bone structure and strength,
leading to a progressively increased risk of fragility fractures. The global prevalence of …

Muscles and bones are intricately connected tissues displaying marked co-variation during
development, growth, aging, and in many diseases. While the diagnosis and treatment of …