Solid cancers comprise a large number of new cases and deaths from cancer each year
globally. There are a number of strategies for addressing tumors raised from solid organs …

Radiotherapy is a common modality for more than half of cancer patients. Classically,
radiation is known as a strategy to kill cancer cells via direct interaction with DNA or …

Cancer cell death is the utmost aim in cancer therapy. Anti-cancer agents can induce
apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, or autophagy through the production of free …

Hypoxia is a known feature of solid tumors and a critical promoter of tumor hallmarks.
Hypoxia influences tumor immunity in a way favoring immune evasion and resistance …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-tasking cytokine that represents high activity in patients
with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and cancer. High …

Abscopal effect is an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology that causes activation of
immune system against cancer cells. Traditionally, this phenomenon was known as a …

Emerging evidences show that changes in tumor stroma can adapt cancer cells to
radiotherapy, thereby leading to a reduction in tumor response to treatment. On the other …

Radiotherapy is one of the most common modalities for the treatment of cancer. One of the
most promising effects of radiotherapy is immunologic cell death and the release of danger …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect
cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress …

Immune system interactions within the tumour have a key role in the resistance or
sensitization of cancer cells to anti-cancer agents. On the other hand, activation of the …