Sepsis is defined as “a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host's dysfunctional
response to infection”. Although the treatment of sepsis has developed rapidly in the past …

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo
the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the …

Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our
body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant …

In many solid tumors, parasympathetic input is provided by the vagus nerve, which has been
shown to modulate tumor growth. However, whether cholinergic signaling directly regulates …

The parasympathetic nervous system modulates inflammation through efferent vagus nerve
signaling. Tracey (2002) termed this process as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway …

Aging is a complex biological process that increases the risk of age-related cognitive
degenerative diseases such as dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy Body …

While SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for cell
entry, it is important to examine other potential interactions between the virus and other cell …

Acetylcholine (ACh) is best known as a neurotransmitter and was the first such molecule
identified. ACh signalling in the neuronal cholinergic system has long been known to …

All nervous system pathologies (eg, neurodegenerative/demyelinating diseases and brain
tumours) develop neuroinflammation, a beneficial process during pathological events …