Mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), are
the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, and are also among the most severe and …

Ketamine is an open channel blocker of ionotropic glutamatergic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
(NMDA) receptors. The discovery of its rapid antidepressant effects in patients with …

Since publication of the first randomized controlled trial describing rapid antidepressant
effects of ketamine, several reports have confirmed the potential utility of this dissociative …

Abstract Rationale Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is intimately linked to anxiety and
depression and a diverse body of evidence supports the involvement of the main inhibitory …

Background Multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, eg, depression, are linked to imbalances in
excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and prefrontal cortical dysfunction, and are …

Recent human clinical studies with the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine have
revealed profound and long-lasting antidepressant effects with rapid onset in several clinical …

During the past decade, one of the most striking discoveries in the treatment of major
depression was the clinical finding that a single infusion of a sub-anesthetic dose of the N …

Depression has been likened to a state of “accelerated aging,” and depressed individuals
have a higher incidence of various diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular and …

The evidence that frequency modulated (FM) 50kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) reflect a
positive emotional state in rats is reviewed. Positive emotional states in humans are …

OBJECTIVES: Ketamine and other NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonists produce fast-
acting antidepressant-like effects, although the underlying mechanism is unclear …