Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in working memory and self-regulatory and goal-
directed behaviors and displays remarkable structural and functional plasticity over the life …

The benefits gained by young animals engaging in play fighting have been a subject of
conjecture for over a hundred years. Progress in understanding the behavioral development …

In addition to producing profound subjective effects following acute administration,
psychedelic compounds can induce beneficial behavioral changes relevant to the treatment …

The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, coping, and recovery processes. Within the
brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the …

The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …

The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and
determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the …

Drug addiction is increasingly viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions from initial
drug use—when a drug is voluntarily taken because it has reinforcing, often hedonic, effects …

The impulsive behavior that is often characteristic of adolescence may reflect underlying
neurodevelopmental processes. Moreover, impulsivity is a multi-dimensional construct, and …

Persistent changes in behavior and psychological function that occur as a function of
experience, such those associated with learning and memory, are thought to be due to the …