Compared to the tidy and immunologically silent death during apoptosis, necrosis seems
like a chaotic and unorganized demise. However, we now recognize that there is a method …

A common clinical condition, acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly influences morbidity and
mortality, particularly in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology of AKI is complex and …

The kidney is a crucial organ that eliminates metabolic waste and reabsorbs nutritious
elements. It also participates in the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of electrolyte …

Necrosis is a hallmark of several widespread diseases or their direct complications. In the
past decade, we learned that necrosis can be a regulated process that is potentially …

Iron is required for key aspects of cellular physiology including mitochondrial function and
DNA synthesis and repair. However, free iron is an aberration because of its ability to donate …

Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common
diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is attended by injury-related biomarkers appearing in the urine and
serum, decreased urine output, and impaired glomerular filtration rate. AKI causes increased …

Heme proteins, the stuff of life, represent an ingenious biologic strategy that capitalizes on
the biochemical versatility of heme, and yet is one that avoids the inherent risks to cellular …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very common condition with high morbidity and mortality, which
can be seen in 5–7% of all hospitalized patients and in up to 57% of all intensive care unit …

Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are the most common causes of
debilitating diseases and death in stroke, cardiovascular ischemia, acute kidney injury or …