Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron
variant is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune …

Dear Editor, Since the first outbreak in late 2019, the RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 has
been undergoing constant evolution. This is largely attributed to the viral polymerase that is …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the deadliest pandemics in history. SARS …

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from
either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from …

The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe respiratory COVID-19. However, many individuals
present with isolated upper respiratory symptoms, suggesting potential to constrain viral …

The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants was generally ascribed to
immune escape. It remained unclear whether the emerging variants have gradually …

COVID-19 has different clinical stages, and effective therapy depends on the location and
extent of the infection. The purpose of this review is to provide a background for …